The Italian population then went into decline. Ottoman rule continued until the Italo-Turkish War, which resulted in the Italian occupation of Libya and the establishment of two colonies, Italian Tripolitania and Italian Cyrenaica (1911–1934), later unified in the Italian Libya colony from 1934 to 1943.ĭuring the Second World War, Libya was an area of warfare in the North African Campaign. Libya was involved in the Barbary Wars of the 18th and 19th centuries. In the 16th century, the Spanish Empire and the Knights of St John occupied Tripoli until Ottoman rule began in 1551. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the area of Libya was mostly occupied by the Vandals until the 7th century when invasions brought Islam to the region. Libya was an early center of Christianity. Parts of Libya were variously ruled by Carthaginians, Persians, Egyptians and Macedonians before the entire region becoming a part of the Roman Empire. In ancient times, the Phoenicians established city-states and trading posts in western Libya, while more recently the Ottoman Empire controlled the northern coastline of Libya. Libya has been inhabited by Berbers since the late Bronze Age as descendants from Iberomaurusian and Capsian cultures. The largest city and capital, Tripoli, is located in western Libya and contains over three million of Libya's seven million people. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves in the world. With an area of almost 700,000 square miles (1.8 million km 2), it is the fourth-largest country in Africa and the Arab world, and the 16th-largest in the world. Libya is made of three historical regions: Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest.

Libya ( / ˈ l ɪ b i ə/ ( listen) Arabic: ليبيا, romanized: Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( Arabic: دولة ليبيا, romanized: Dawlat Lībiyā, Italian: Stato della Libia), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. ^ The UK and France held a joint condominium over Libya through the United Nations Trusteeship Council.^ The official language is simply identified as ' Arabic' ( Constitutional Declaration, article 1).^ United Nations note concerning official name: 'Following the adoption by the General Assembly of resolution 66/1, the Permanent Mission of Libya to the United Nations formally notified the United Nations of a Declaration by the National Transitional Council of 3 August changing the official name of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to 'Libya' and changing Libya's national flag.'.

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